Writers engage in two distinctive modes of composing—extensive, to convey a message; and reflexive, to explore one’s feelings. Each entailed its characteristic process
Donald Graves
1973
1stphase:94 students; 2nd phase: 14 children; 3rd phase, 9 boys and 8 girls; finally, 6 boys and 2 girls reprehensive of 7-year-old children
Gathering data during five distinct phases; examining writing folder; observing; interview; case study
Multiple variables, frequently unknown to the writer, influence the writing process
Peter Elbow
1973
Personal experience of a struggling writer in college
He challenged the concept of writing process as a linear, two-step process of writing and editing; the writing process is a series of problem-solving steps one goes through in order to discover what he or she knows and feels about a subject
Criticism: The model is based on the processes that professional writers use; it is a major pedagogical leap to assume immature writers are able to apply principles of process writing at the same level as a adult writers.
This section introduces three studies which focused on understandings of writing processes. The research results indicate slight differences, from a linear writing process to a more flexible and recursive process. Then the author provides one criticism.
Multiple studies were done to explore what process takes place when people write. The problem with these studies, however, is that they are based mostly on how "professional writers" write. As we know, writing and the process of writing looks much different depending on what kind of writing you are doing, who it is going to, what your purpose is, etc. etc. These critics lead to a broadened idea of what genres should be studied. There are multiple methodologies for the writing process given by Janet Emig, Donald Graves, and Peter Elbow. The earliest, by Janet Emig, advocates that writers compose in two different ways. The first is "extensive", to convey a message. The second is "reflexive" to explore one's feelings. Donald Graves argues that there are many variables, not known to the writer, that have an effect on the writing process. Peter Elbow pushes the idea that the writing process is not a two step process of writing and editing but instead is more like a series of steps that lead to the writer discovering what feelings and ideas exist around a specific subject. Maybe at the end of this paragraph, tie in how Emig, Graves, and Elbow's methodologies play out more practically and realistically for students in the classroom. Revisions: Deb Revisions: shasha
Multiple studies were done to explore what process takes place when people write. The problem with these studies, however, is that they are based mostly on how "professional writers" write. As we know, writing and the process of writing looks much different depending on what kind of writing you are doing, who it is going to, what your purpose is, etc. etc. These critics lead to a broadened idea of what genres should be studied. There are multiple methodologies for the writing process given by Janet Emig, Donald Graves, and Peter Elbow. The earliest, by Janet Emig, advocates that writers compose in two different ways. The first is "extensive", to convey a message. The second is "reflexive" to explore one's feelings. Donald Graves argues that there are many variables, not known to the writer, that have an effect on the writing process. Peter Elbow pushes the idea that the writing process is not a two step process of writing and editing but instead is more like a series of steps that lead to the writer discovering what feelings and ideas exist around a specific subject.
Maybe at the end of this paragraph, tie in how Emig, Graves, and Elbow's methodologies play out more practically and realistically for students in the classroom.
Revisions: Deb
Revisions: shasha